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Worldwide energy supply refers to the global production and preparation of fuel, generation of electricity, and energy transport. Mankind has always used fuel, see Fire, section Human_control. Coal and oil extraction are very old. People have built thousands of years wind- and watermills and sailing ships. Roughly 200 year ago large scale mining of lignite and coal provided much more fuel, enabling the industrial revolution. Here contemporary energy supply is outlined. It is a vast industry, powering the world economy, with many aspects and impacts. Lists of countries are given where most energy is produced and consumed, distinguishing fossil, nuclear and renewable energy, and referring to many conversions and transport between production and consumption. The lists are kept short to make updates feasible. Energy development and World energy consumption present further division of fossil into coal, oil and gas, and deal with sustainability, environmental impact, resilience, accidents and many more aspects of energy supply. Electric energy consumption focuses on electricity and has also a section on scenarios about future development. == Energy production == This is the world-wide production of primary energy from fossil, nuclear and renewable sources. Primary means: extracted or captured directly from natural sources. Energy sources are usually classified as * fossil, using coal, lignite, petroleum and natural gas, * nuclear, using uranium, * renewable, using hydro power, biomass, wind and solar energy, among others. The table lists the top 16 countries producing 72% of the total of all more than 190 countries. These 16 with the 28 countries of the EU produce 78%. The amounts are given in million tonnes of oil equivalent per year (Mtoe/a, 1 Mtoe = 11.63 TWh). The data are of 2012.〔(IEA Statistics search, Balances )〕〔The International Energy Agency uses the energy unit Mtoe. Practically the same data are presented by the US Energy Information Administration http://www.eia.doe.gov/ expressed in quads. 1 quad = 1015 BTU = 25.2 Mtoe.〕 In 2013 the total energy production in the world rose by 1%. There is a significant shift between the major producers. Of the countries in the table the USA, Indonesia, Canada and the Emirates produced about 4% more, but India, Nigeria, Norway and Venezuela about 5% less than in 2012. Primary energy assesment.〔(IEA Statistics manual, chapter 7 )〕 * Fossil: based on lower heating value. * Nuclear: heat produced by nuclear reactions, 3 times the electric energy, based on 33% efficiency of nuclear plants. * Renewable: biomass based on lower heating value. Electric energy produced by hydropower, wind turbines and solar panels.〔Water and air flow energy that drives hydro and wind turbines, and sunlight that powers solar panels, are not taken as primary in energy statistics.〕 Geothermal energy used in power plants is set at 10 times the electric energy, assuming 10% efficiency. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Worldwide energy supply」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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